Surveillance and Monitoring of Explosive, Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Hazards

Surveillance and Monitoring of Explosive, Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Hazards

London (PRWEB) October 10, 2013

Highlights

The global market for ECBN hazard monitoring, decontamination and personal protective equipment was valued at $ 148.3 billion in 2012 and is expected to increase to $ 193.7 billion in 2014 and then to $ 387.9 billion in 2019, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.9% over the five-year period from 2014 to 2019. ECBN hazard monitoring equipments were valued at $ 128.5 billion in 2012, are expected to increase to $ 168.4 billion in 2014 and then to $ 340.2 billion in 2019, a CAGR of 15.1% between 2014 and 2019. Decontamination equipments were $ 10.1 billion in 2012 and are expected to reach $ 24.5 billion in 2019 from $ 12.9 billion in 2014, an expected CAGR of 13.7% over the same five-year period from 2014 to 2019.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVE

A hazard is a real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness or death to personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or damage to the environment. Hazards can be caused by hostile forces (e.g., terrorists, conventional military force) or accidental release of chemical or biological agents (e.g., natural disaster, accidental release by governmental or commercial sectors). Hazardous material is a substance that due to its explosive, chemical or biological nature causes safety, public health or environmental concerns that require an elevated level of effort to manage. In this report, the hazards that may arise out of explosions, chemical accidents, biological accidents and nuclear incidents are considered. The main objective of this report is to analyze the methods for monitoring these hazards and minimizing the damage they can cause.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Explosion, chemical, biological and nuclear hazards (ECBN hazards) may be the result of such generally classified actions as: Accident. Terrorism. War or war-like situations. The following table illustrates these classifications of ECBN hazards in greater detail, as well as the possible causes and proposed ways to avoid such hazards. Hazards due to industrial accident, nuclear plant accident or accidental biological agent release from a laboratory can be prevented or minimized if possible precautionary measures are set up in advance and necessary equipment and trained personnel are available to respond. Hazards created by terrorist groups are difficult to tackle, as the reasons for such actions may be beyond reconciliation through possible negotiations. The only way to face such hazards is to prepare for the possible consequences in advance. Hazards that may occur in cases of war or war-like situations could be tackled by negotiations between the concerned parties or nations, along with possible pressure from other more dominant and powerful countries or the United Nations. In the modern world, such incidents are unlikely to occur and if they do, the consequences may be devastating and all precautions are likely to be ineffective. The possibility of an ECBN hazard due to a war is not discussed in this report. The main objective of this report is to analyze the possible ways to monitor ECBN hazards that can happen because of accidents and terrorist acts using effective monitoring equipment and community preparation, including necessary decontamination and proper personal protective equipment (PPE).

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended to serve as a valuable resource for all personnel involved in the production and marketing of various types of monitoring equipment, for researchers working in the development of new technologies for monitoring various ECBN hazards, for manufacturers of different types of sensors involved in the manufacture of such monitoring equipment and for military strategists and civil defense planners to prepare for eventualities caused by ECBN hazards.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This report concentrates on the global and regional markets for technologies involved in the manufacture of different types of ECBN hazard monitoring equipment and the markets for applications in which such monitoring equipment will be utilized, as well as the basic technologies involved in the manufacture of such equipment. The report also provides profiles of various manufacturers of such monitoring equipment, their market-shares and their research and development (R&D) efforts to cultivate new technologies and equipment for better monitoring of ECBN hazards. The report also provides information concerning different patents on the technologies and monitoring equipment, along with a patent analysis.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methods were used in preparing this report. Primary information sources for this market research include individuals within companies, various research organizations, governmental agencies and trade associations. Secondary research includes extensive literature reviews, such as trade journals, seminar proceedings, patent literature, company literature, published reports and government publications. Additional secondary research sources include databases, trade literature, specialized journals and government statistics.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVE 2

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2

TABLE A CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES OF HAZARDS AND THE MEANS TO AVOID OR

MINIMIZE THEM 3

INTENDED AUDIENCE 4

SCOPE OF REPORT 4

INFORMATION SOURCES 4

ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4

RELATED REPORTS 5

BCC ONLINE SERVICES 5

DISCLAIMER 5

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 7

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING,

DECONTAMINATION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2019 ($

BILLIONS)

8

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING,

DECONTAMINATION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, 2012-2019 ($

BILLIONS)

8

CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10

OVERVIEW OF MONITORING OF ECBN HAZARDS 10

CONCEPTS IN THE ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 10

IMPORTANCE OF ECBN HAZARD MONITORING INDUSTRY 11

HISTORY OF ECBN HAZARDS 11

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 13

TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE OF ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 14

FORESEEABLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 14

HISTORY OF REGULATIONS 15

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS 15

THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN (NIPP) 15

SAFETY ACT 16

PROJECT SAFE PORT ACT 16

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS ACT OF 1989 16

CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONTROL ACT OF 1991 (CBWCA) 16

ANTI-TERRORISM AND EFFECTIVE DEATH PENALTY ACT OF 1996 16

DEFENSE AGAINST WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ACT OF 1996 16

LOCAL FIREFIGHTER AND EMERGENCY SERVICES TRAINING ACT OF 1996 16

U.N. REGULATION 17

EUROPEAN PROGRAM FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

(EPCIP) 17

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT 17

CHAPTER 4 TECHNOLOGY 20

OVERVIEW 20

HAZARD CLASSIFICATION 20

TABLE 1 U.N. HAZARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 20

EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS 21

OVERVIEW OF EXPLOSIVES 21

CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES 23

PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES 23

SECONDARY EXPLOSIVES 23

TYPES OF EXPLOSIONS 23

CAUSES OF EXPLOSIONS 23

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES 24

EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIONS 24

EXPLOSION PROTECTION SYSTEMS 25

EXPLOSION MONITORING EQUIPMENT 25

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS 26

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES 27

Canine Detection 27

TABLE 2 EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES 28

Trace Detection 29

Main Trace Detection Technologies in Use 29

Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) 29

Chemiluminescence (CL) 29

Amplifying Fluorescent Polymers (AFPs) 29

Energetic Materials Detection (EMD) 29

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) 29

Bulk Detection 30

Main Bulk Detection Technologies in Use 30

X-ray 30

Computed Tomography (CT) 30

Multi-view and Multi-energy Generator X-rays 30

Backscatter X-ray 30

Millimeter Wave Imaging and THZ Spectroscopy 30

NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN EXPLOSIVE DETECTION 30

TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETECTION OF LIQUID EXPLOSIVES 31

CHEMICAL HAZARDS 31

PHYSICAL HAZARD 32

HEALTH HAZARD 32

CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOOD 33

TABLE 3 CATEGORIES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS 34

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS (HACCP) 34

CHEMICAL AGENTS (CA) 35

Types of Chemical Agents 35

TABLE 4 CHEMICAL AGENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 36

CHEMICAL HAZARDS SURVEILLANCE 37

Engineering Controls 37

Administrative Controls 37

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 38

CHEMICAL HAZARDS MONITORING 38

Routine and Ad Hoc Monitoring 38

Continuous Area Monitoring 39

Routine and Ad Hoc Personal Monitoring 39

Continuous Personal Monitoring 39

CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTION 39

Chemical Agent Detection Technologies and Equipment 40

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 40

Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) 40

Chemical Detection Paper 41

Chemical Agent Detection Kit 41

Colorimetric Tubes 42

Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS) 42

Infrared Radiation Detection Techniques 43

Photo-acoustic IR Spectroscopy 43

Filter-Based IR Spectroscopy 43

Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging 43

Passive IR Detection 44

Surface Acoustic Wave Detection (SAW) 44

Other Detection Technologies 44

Photo-ionization Detection 44

Flame Photometry 44

Miniature Automatic Continuous Agent Monitoring System 45

Electrochemistry 45

Carbon Nanotube Gas Ionization Sensors 45

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 45

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS (BA) 45

Bacterial Agents 45

Viral Agents 46

Biological Toxins 46

TABLE 5 TYPICAL BIOLOGICAL AGENTS 47

LEVELS OF BIOHAZARDS 47

TABLE 6 CDC CLASSIFICATION OF LEVELS OF BIOHAZARDS 48

Biosafety Level 48

TABLE 7 CDC CLASSIFICATION OF BIOSAFETY LEVELS 49

ROUTES OF ENTRY AND TRANSMISSION 49

Direct Transmission of Infectious Agents 50

Indirect Transmission of Infectious Agents 50

HEALTH EFFECTS 50

Diseases Caused by Infectious Agents 50

Diseases Caused by Other Biological Agents 50

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOHAZARDS 51

CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 51

Biosecurity 51

Safe Work Procedures and Training 52

Biodetection 52

Biodetection Systems 52

BIOLOGICAL DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES 53

Electronic Nose 53

Immunoassay 53

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 53

Fluorescence Particle Detection 54

DNA Microarray 54

Biosensor 54

MALDI Mass Spectrometry 55

Acoustic Wave Sensors 55

Autonomous Detection System (ADS) 56

Photonic Detection System for Biohazards and Biodefense 56

Nanotech Wipes for Biohazard Detection 57

NUCLEAR HAZARDS 57

HAZARDS OF NUCLEAR TERRORISM 58

TABLE 8 TYPICAL RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR TERRORIST DEVICES 59

HAZARDS OF NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS 59

Risks Associated with Old Designs 59

Risks Associated with New Designs 60

Aging of Operational Reactors 60

Terrorist Threat to Nuclear Power Plants 60

Risks Associated with Reprocessing Plants and Spent Fuel Storage

Areas 60

Routine Emissions from the Nuclear Industry 60

Reactor Accidents 60

HAZARDS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE 61

High-Level Waste 61

Radon Problems 61

TYPES OF RADIATION 61

Alpha Particles 61

Beta Particles 62

Gamma Rays 62

Neutron Particles 62

Radionuclides 62

Background Radiation 63

PATHWAYS OF EXPOSURE 63

Direct (External) Exposure 63

Internal Exposure 63

RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 64

Stationary Measuring Systems for External Radiation 64

Stationary and Portable Measuring Systems for Air Activity

Concentration 64

Portable Radiation Measuring Equipment 65

RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES 65

Flame Photometry 65

Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS) 66

Gamma-Ray Technologies 66

Microchannel Plate Technologies (MCPS) 67

Fissile-Material Detection Using Nuclear Acoustic Resonance 67

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) 67

NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR ECBN DETECTION 67

NEW SENSING TECHNOLOGIES 68

Nanosensors 68

Nanotube-Based Sensors 69

Nanoscaled Thin-Film Sensors 69

Quantum Dots 70

Terahertz Technologies 70

Electron Beam Technology 71

Terahertz Spectroscopy 71

Millimeter-wave Inspection 71

NUCLEAR DETECTION 72

OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 73

ECBN HAZARD DECONTAMINATION 73

LEVELS OF DECONTAMINATION 74

Immediate Decontamination 74

Operational Decontamination 74

Thorough Decontamination 74

Clearance Decontamination 74

ADDITIONAL DECONTAMINATION CONSIDERATIONS 75

Patient Decontamination 75

Sensitive Equipment Decontamination 75

Aircraft Decontamination 75

Sealift Decontamination 76

Fixed Site Decontamination 76

Cargo Decontamination 76

Terrain Decontamination 76

Decontamination for Biological Agents 76

DECONTAMINATION PROCESS 77

Physical Process 77

Simple Inert Sorbent 77

Solvent Wash 77

High-Pressure System 77

Chemical Process 78

Reactive Sorbent 78

Catalytic Sorbent 78

Thermal Process 79

EMERGING DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES 79

Electrostatic Decontamination 79

Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas 79

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 80

PPE FOR VARIOUS HAZARDS 81

PPE for Nerve Agents 81

PPE for Blister Agents 82

PPE for Biohazards 82

Protective Measures 83

Masks 83

Respirators 83

Protective Clothing 83

Medical Protection 84

Antibiotics 84

Vaccinations 84

PPE FOR RADIATION/NUCLEAR HAZARDS 84

Lead Aprons 85

Protective Eyewear 85

Lead Gloves 86

Thyroid Shields 86

Mobile Shields 86

Personnel Dosimeters 86

PPE FOR RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICE (RDD) OR "DIRTY BOMB" 86

REGULATORY STANDARDS 87

TABLE 9 OSHA/EPA PROTECTION LEVEL CLASSIFICATION 88

LIMITATIONS OF PPE 88

ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE U.S. PATENTS 88

TABLE 10 U.S. PATENTS FOR ECBN HAZARD RELATED EQUIPMENT BY PATENT

HOLDER'S GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, 2008-2012 (NO.) 90

TABLE 11 U.S. PATENTS FOR ECBN HAZARD RELATED EQUIPMENT BY TYPE OF

TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2012 (NO.) 90

TABLE 12 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FOR ECBN HAZARD RELATED EQUIPMENT BY YEAR,

2008-EARLY 2013 (NO.) 90

TABLE 13 U.S. PATENTS FOR ECBN HAZARD RELATED EQUIPMENT BY COMPANY,

2008-EARLY 2013 (NO.) 91

CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING AND PROTECTION BY

TECHNOLOGY 93

OVERVIEW 93

MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 94

HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 94

HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 94

GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 94

TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT,

THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 94

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT,

2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 94

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 95

TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 95

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

REGION, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 95

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY 96

TABLE 16 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 96

EUROPEAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION 97

TABLE 17 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 97

ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION 97

TABLE 18 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98

REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION 98

TABLE 19 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98

GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 99

TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 99

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY TYPE,

2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 99

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 100

TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100

FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

REGION, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY 101

TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 101

EUROPEAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION 101

TABLE 23 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102

ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION 102

TABLE 24 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102

REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

COUNTRY/REGION 103

TABLE 25 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 103

CHAPTER 6 MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ECBN HAZARD MONITORING AND

PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 105

OVERVIEW 105

GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT 105

TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

APPLICATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106

FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

APPLICATION, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106

MILITARY/CIVIL DEFENSE APPLICATIONS 107

TABLE 27 MILITARY APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ECBN DETECTION

EQUIPMENT 108

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT IN

MILITARY AND CIVIL DEFENSE APPLICATIONS 109

TABLE 28 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN MILITARY AND CIVIL DEFENSE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 110

FIGURE 6 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN MILITARY AND CIVIL DEFENSE APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 110

AIRPORT PASSENGER AND CARGO APPLICATIONS 110

TABLE 29 AIRPORT PASSENGER/CARGO APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF

ECBN MONITORING EQUIPMENT 112

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS IN AIRPORTS 113

Liquid Explosives Screening 113

People Screening Systems 113

Checked Baggage Screening Systems 113

Boarding Gate with Built-in Explosives Detection Equipment 113

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN AIRPORT PASSENGER AND CARGO APPLICATIONS 114

TABLE 30 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN AIRPORT PASSENGER/CARGO APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 114

FIGURE 7 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT IN

AIRPORT PASSENGER/CARGO APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 114

SHIPPING AND PORT APPLICATIONS 115

Containerized Cargo for International Transportation 115

Ferries and Cruise Ships 116

Car Carriers 116

Underwater Surveillance of Port Facility 117

Tankers and Gas Carriers 117

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MARITIME SECURITY 117

X-ray, Gamma Ray and Neutron Scanning 118

Biometrics 118

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags 118

Underwater Surveillance 119

TABLE 31 SHIPPING AND PORT APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ECBN

DETECTION EQUIPMENT 119

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN SHIPPING AND PORT APPLICATIONS 120

TABLE 32 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN SHIPPING AND PORT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 120

FIGURE 8 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN SHIPPING AND PORT APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 120

TRANSPORT AND MASS-TRANSIT APPLICATIONS 121

TABLE 33 TRANSPORT AND MASS-TRANSIT APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF

ECBN DETECTION EQUIPMENT 122

REGIONAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT IN

TRANSPORT AND MASS-TRANSIT APPLICATIONS 122

TABLE 34 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN TRANSPORT AND MASS-TRANSIT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 122

FIGURE 9 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN TRANSPORT AND MASS-TRANSIT APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 123

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS 123

TABLE 35 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ECBN

MONITORING EQUIPMENT 125

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS 126

TABLE 36 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 126

FIGURE 10 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

USED IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 126

INTERNATIONAL BORDER APPLICATIONS 127

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN BORDER APPLICATIONS 127

TABLE 37 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN INTERNATIONAL BORDER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 128

FIGURE 11 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

USED IN BORDER APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 128

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 129

Law Enforcement Agencies 129

Emergency Response Teams 129

VIP Security 129

TABLE 38 LAW ENFORCEMENT/EMERGENCY RESPONDER APPLICATIONS OF

VARIOUS TYPES OF ECBN MONITORING EQUIPMENT 130

HOSPITALS 130

Biological Hazards 130

Chemical Hazards 130

Radiation Hazards 131

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 131

TABLE 39 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED

IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 131

FIGURE 12 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR ECBN HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

USED IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 131

GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION

EQUIPMENT 132

TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

APPLICATION TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 133

FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ECBN HAZARD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BY

APPLICATION TYPE, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 133

CHAPTER 7 MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 135

OVERVIEW 135

EXPLOSIVE HAZARD DETECTION 135

EXPLOSION HAZARD DETECTION BY APPLICATIONS 136

Routine Screening of Large Numbers of Personnel 136

Screening of Large Numbers of Vehicles 136

Screening of Large Numbers of Hand-Carried Items 136

Screening of Mailed and Shipped Items 136

Screening of Small Numbers of People, Vehicles or Mailed/Shipped

Items 136

Bomb Search 137

Special Situations or Events 137

Protection of Special Infrastructure 137

GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT 137

TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

APPLICATION TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 138

FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 138

EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES 139

BULK DETECTION TECHNOLOGY: IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 139

TRACE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY 139

NUCLEAR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 139

GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING BY

TECHNOLOGY 140

TABLE 42 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 140

FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY TECHNOLOGY, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 141

EQUIPMENT FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING AND DETECTION 141

EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTORS/KITS 142

HANDHELD/PORTABLE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEM 142

DESKTOP/BENCH-TOP EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS 142

WALKTHROUGH EXPLOSIVES DETECTORS/PORTALS 143

OTHER TYPES OF EXPLOSIVE HAZARD DETECTION SYSTEMS 143

Vehicle Scanners 143

Parcel/Postal X-ray Scanners 143

In-flight Explosives Detection Kit 143

Bulk Screening Kit for All Nitrate-Based Explosives 144

Detection of Explosive Precursors 144

GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 144

TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 144

FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY TYPE, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 144

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT 145

TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT BY

REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 146

FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($ MILLIONS) 146

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY 147

TABLE 45 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 147

EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION 147

TABLE 46 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 148

ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING EQUIPMENT

BY COUNTRY/REGION 148

TABLE 47 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 148

REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY/REGION 149

TABLE 48 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EXPLOSION HAZARD MONITORING

EQUIPMENT BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 149

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